Dynamo-electric machine winding



NOV. 17, 1931. w, A 1,832,700

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE WINDING Filed Oct. 8, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Ijnventor": Frazer" W. Gag,

b WW

His Attorneg.

' NOV. 17, 1931. w, GAY 1,832,700

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE WINDING Filed Oct. 8, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Inventor Frazer \M Gag,

. (60 His Attow'neg.

Nov. 17, 1931. F. w. GAY 1,832,700

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE WINDING Filed Oct. 8, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 J INVENTOR.

III)

Patented Nov. 17, 19 31 UNITED STATES PATENT. OFFICE- rrmzrm. w; GAY, ofnawanx, NEW messy, assrenon 'ro GENERAL unaware comramr, A coarom'rron or new voax DYNAMO-EL'ECTRIO MACHINE WINDING Application filed October 8, 1927. Serial No. 284,811.

This invention relates, generally, to improved structures or arrangements of coils and connections-in electrical machines, and more particularly to improved structures and arran ements of coils, windings, and connections 1n alternating current dynamo-electric machines, particularly. alternating current generators. It is an object of my invention to provide a novel method of arranging windings and coils in electrical'machines and the connections thereof to transformers so as to s ace apart at considerable distances any an all coils, windings, connections, leads, and so on, which have a potential difference between them so that existence of high voltage between adjacent coils in the same stator or rotor slot may be eliminated; that the existence of high voltage between the connection ends of ad acent machine coils may be eliminated; that the maximum voltage generated in the machine may be greatly reduced ever present practice; that any two coils occupying a slot in common may be accidentally connected together without setting up a short circuit; that any two adjacent coils of separately insulated circuits may be accidentally connected together at the end connection thereof without setting up a short circuit; and that a coil in each separately insulated circuit may be accidentally grounded without setting up a short circuit. Briefly stated, the invention has for its principal object to effect phase segregation in the windings of generators, motors, converters and so on.

The increase in size and importance'of individual turbo generators makes it imperative that the condition of the electrical insulation in the machine may be periodically inspected at oflf peak periods and any defects in insulation dete' ted and corrected before such defects result in unforeseen and serious interruptions to service. even further and in addition to making it possible for an operator to periodically test each and every square inch of insulation in 'thc machine with any desired value of test voltage so as to assure himself that every bit of insulation is in perfect condition when the machine goes into service, allows a failure at This invention goes any particular part of the insulation in service without the setting up of a short circuit with its attendant destruction of windings.

A machine wound according to the principles set forth in this invention may be kept 55 in operation if found necessary with an insulation failure at any point and in fact with many such failures provided only that no two failures occur between any two electrical circuits. Novel winding schemes allowing a a multiplicity of separately insulated and mechanically spaced circuits have been described in my applications for patents Serial #196,- 218, filed June 3rd, 1927, and Serial No. 254,560 filed February 15, 1928. For some years now it has been the practice of operatmg engineers to keep electrical circuits having high voltage between them mechanically spaced apart in their switch galleries, etc., and more recently it has become common practice to keep phase voltage ver widely separated by assigning a switch gal ery floor to each such phase voltage and carefully keeping any other base voltage ofi this floor. However, the esigners of machines have made few improvements in this respect and still continue to force conductors having a very high voltage between them to lie together in a common machine slot whose section is limited to only a few inches in its greatest o dimension. In my applications for patents Serial No. 196,218 and Serial No. 254,560 hereinbefore mentioned, I have shown how this voltage segregation may be carried into the machine windings so as to have no two adjacent coils in the same electrical circuit. In this invention I show how this voltage segregation may be carried into the machine coils.

Now in machines as at present marketed there is no means bywhich the purchaser of a machine can determine the strength of insulation between the various turns in an electrical winding. Great care is taken to test the strength of the insulation between the copper conductors and ground, and recently the improvement in high voltage direct current testing by reason of the commercial development of high voltage vacuum tube such as theKenetron has made it possible to form some 0 inion of the condition of'such insulation an even predict its probable future life. Yet-in the case of rotating machinery the very nature of the construction of the windings in the usual case makes it im ible to make any such tests between turns in a coil and the operator is asked torun the machine until it breaks down. Unfortunately when the machine breaks down the operator may feel confident that there was some defect at the point of failure but the evidence of such defect is generally destroyed together with the entire winding, and some times even the iron parts of the machine must be replaced. From such failures as do not cause complete destruction it is evident that many failures develop between turns in the coils themselves, especially around the noses of the coils at the front (connection) end and rear end. Many other failures develop between turns on the straight aways especially at points where coils leave the iron core.

The principles of my invention may be more readily understood by referring to the attached drawings in which 4 Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic representation on a plane surface of a winding comprising two independent three phase circuits embodying my invention, Fig. 1a is a vectorial representation of coil voltages to show the phase relation between voltages in coil groups of the nearest corresponding phase of each of the independent-circuits, Fig. 1b is a diagrammatic illustration of the two three-phase independent circuits and their general connection and relation to distribution transform- -ers, Fig. 2 is a modification of the arrangement shown in Fig. 1 showing diagrammatically on a plane surface four independent three-phase circuits arranged in groups in which each group has two separately insulated circuits with volta es of the same magnitude and phase. Fig. 2a is a vector diagram of the volta es of the windings illustrated in Fig. 2, Fig. 2b is a diagrammatic view illustrating the general connections of the windings. Fig. 3 is a developed plan view showing somewhat diagrammatically portions of a group'of stator coils taken at the tap-ofi' end, Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of certain ones of the coils as shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional view taken along the line 4-4 of Fig. 4.- and enlarged therefrom, Fig. 6 is a vector diagram of voltage values on different sets of coils, Fig. 7 is a fragmentary view of an arrangement of windings on a transformer energized from a generator having the arrangement of windings shown in Fig. 2, and Fig. 8 is a vector diagram showing the relation of voltage values on a certain set of circuit.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings. I have here represented a two layer lap winding for a two pole, three-phase alternator. There coils in a hypothetical are two separately insulated three-phase circuits with single turn coils. In this articular instance there are 24 slots with coils having a fractional pitch of 11 slots. All

the coils are identical in construction and have the same slot pitch. It will be understood, however, that my invention is not limited to any particular number of slots or particular coil pitch and may be used egually well with any suitable odd pitch. To acilitate reading the drawings one'independent circuit is shown in full lines with the phase terminal designations of a, 0' and e, while the other circuit is shown in dotted lines with the phase terminal designations of b, d and f. The first mentioned phase group is connected in star with a neutral designated by N and the second phase group is connected in star I with a' neutral designated by N The slots are desgnated by numerals 1.to 24 inclusive. It is, of course, understood that any suitable form of cooperating secondary or field winding such as a salient pole direct current rotor, a squirrel cage rotor, or a wound rotor may be utilized to render the dynamo-electric machine complete, but since suitable windings and arrangements for field structures are well known in the art it is not considered essential to mention them in any further detail.

'In Fig. 1 of the drawings, 25 represents the magnetic core for the armature winding which in practice would .ordinarilybe the stator and which would be constructed like the stator of a standard alternating current dynamo-electric machine which as well known in the art consists of a laminated core slotted to receive. the winding. Each phase winding as shown comprises a similar group of coils under each pole which are conne ted in parallel but it will be obvious that these circuits may be connected in series if a higher voltage is required. For purposes of explaining the arrangement of the various coils of a given phase group I have designated the terminals of the coils of phase a under one pole as a and a respectively, and the terminals of the coils connected in parallel therewith under the other pole as a and a respectively. We will now consider phase a of circuit a, 0, e and assume current to flow at any instant from the neutral terminal N toward the terminalends of the parallel circuits of phase winding a. The circuit frompa to a in consecutive order of coil sides designated by slot numbers is 16, 5, 14 and 3 and from a to a is 15, 2, 17 and 4. Since phase I) of the circuit 6, (Z, f has a voltage which more nearly corresponds than any other voltage in phase position to the voltage of phase a of circuit a, c, 6 it will be helpful in understanding the arrangement of the various circuits to examine the position of the coil sides constituting phase 6. Phase I), similarly to phase (2, comprises two similar groups of coils under opposite poles which'are con;

. spectively.

nected in parallel: The terminals of these coils are designated similarly to the a coils as b and 6 respectively and b and b re- The circuit from 12 to b in consecutive order of coil sides designated by slot numbers is 15,4, 13, and 2 and from b, to 6,, is 14, 1,16 and 3. The remaining phase windings of the two independent circuits are designated similarl to thegvindings of phase. a and will be readi y recognized in the drawings by the phase winding letter designation and the subscripts. Thus the terminals of the remaining phase windings of circuit a, c, e are designated as 0 c c c and e e e 6 The terminals of the "remaining phase windings of circuit b, d, f are designated d d d J and f f f f It is believed that the circuit for the various windings will be readily traced by an inspection of the drawings, and it will not be necessary to outline the various circuits in any further detail. It will be observed that the winding elements of each circuit are maintained segregated throughout. Thus, the active conductors, that is, the coil sides in the slots,

. of the coils of phase winding (1 are each arranged in different slots and also in different slots from any other portions of the circuit a 6', 6.

It may also be noted tht although portions of one winding crosshpgrtions of the same winding in the end con :tions, it will readily be seen that the inside and outside layers of coils may be made to slope rapidly away from each other when they leave the core so that at nearly all crossings there may be a mechanical spacing of several inches and even at the crossing nearest the core ample mechanical clearance may be provided, reinforced by solid insulation, if additional prote-tion is required.

In Fig. 1a the vectorial relation of the voltages of the phase winding a between the terminals a and a is shown in comparison with the voltage of phase winding 1) between corresponding terminals b and b This shows clearly the voltage vector relations of all four coils constituting a phase group under one pole. The generated voltage of the three phase circuit a, c, e differs in time phase from the generated voltage of the three phase circuit b, d, f, by the time phase displacement between two adjacent coils, that is. 15 electrical degrees. A study of Fig. 1a will show that the voltage of the four coils (1 ,6 a b which constitute one phase belt under one pole differ from the next adjacent coil in the time phase displacement of their generated voltage by 15 electrical degrees. Since the two coils, a, and (1 are connected in series to give a Vector sum of voltage equal to (ZN1 and the'coils b and I): are similarly connected to give a vector sum of voltage equal to bl\-' the generated voltage of phase a difi'ers in time phase from thegenerated voltage of phase b by the same-amount as the voltage of coil 6, differs from a that is, by 15 electrical degrees.

In Fig. 1?) I have shown diagrammatically the eneral connections of the windings.

.The t ree phase circuits a, c, e and b, d, f are connected to the low voltage winding La, L0, Le of transformer T and to the low volta e windin s of Lb, Ld, Lf of transformer respectively. The high voltage windings of T and T are connected in series to supply power to the three phase high voltage distribution circuit indicated by conductors H H and H From an examination of the foregoing arrangement it will be apparent, that since the generator circuit a, c, e and its connected transformer circuit La, La, Le are entirely separate and insulated from the generator electrical three phase circuit 1), d, f and its connected transformer Lb, Ld, Lf an accidental electrical connection between any point of one circuit and any point of another circuit will not cause detrimental currents to flow and the machine may be maintained in operation until such a time as is found convenient to make repairs. In view of the fact that practically all break-downs in windings occur between adjacent electrical conductors due either to mechanical injur electrical stress or probably both it will e apparent that a winding arranged in accordance with my invention afiords adequate protection against difficulties due to this type of breakdown. For instance, at slot 16 a tooth lamination ma be driven over and out both coils a and b ut this will merely connect phase a of circuit a, c, 0 with phase I) of circuit b, cl, f without causing current to flow.

In Fig. 2 I have shown a lap winding for a two pole, three phase alternator similar to the winding arrangement shown in Fig. 1 but in this arrangement there are four separately insulated circuits arranged in groups each comprising two circuits. The magnitude and phase of the voltage of the two circuits of each group are the same but there is a phase displacement between the voltages of the difl erent groups. In the drawings, windings (i-c--c and ACE represent groups of two separately insulated circuits of common time phase and windings btlf and BDF represent the other group of two separately insulated circuits of common time phase. Each phase of each such winding consists of two circuits in multiple, for instance the a phase of the ac-e winding consists of two circuits one similarly located under each pole that generates E. M. F. of com- From a study of Fig. 2 it is seen that no two coils of the windings a0e, A-C- E,

bdf or B--D-F are contiguous at any point. Each coil of a given circuit in a given slot is separated from its neighbor by a coil side of another separately insulated circuit. It is therefore evident that one half of each slot is occupied by a coil of the windings a,-ce, ACE and the other half of t e same slot is occupied by a coil of the windings bdf, BDF. Since the windings a-oe and A-CE are separately insulated from the windings b d-f and BDF it is evident that if test voltage is applied between the windings a--oe, and A-CE on the one hand and b--df and BD-F on the other hand such test voltage is applied to each and every square inch of insulation, servingto insulate each coil from its neighbor on either side and from its neighbor in the same slot. It is also evident that should there be an accidental break down between any two adjacent'coils, a destructive power current could not flow through such fault. This will 'be evident when it is observed that no two adjacent coils are connected in the same circuit. There is substantially no inherent difference of p0 tential between the adjacent coils in a; given slot which may cause a damaging current to flow and hence no damage can result from a failure of insulation between adjacent cm s.

Now in Fig. 6 I have shown the vector relation of the E. M. F.s generated in the stator coils having leads marked a2, A2; 62, B2; a1, A1 and b1, B1. Now it is evident, since the a2 circuit is connected as shown in series in E. M. F. additive relation with the al circuit, and similarl the A circuit is connected in E. M. F. additive relation with the A circuit, that the time phase of the E. M. F. generated in a given coil of the (1 or A circuit lies midway between the time phase of the E. M. F.s of the coils b and b and B B and that the vector sum of the coil voltages of a and a is in time phase with the E. M. F. generated in the coil 11 or B In the same manner it can be shown that the time phase of the vector sum of the voltages generated in the windings formed by conducting the b circuit in series in E. M. F. additive relation with the b circuit and similarly the B circuit is connected in E. M. F. additive relation with the B circuit, is the same as the time phase of the E. M. F. generated in the winding (L or A In other words, there is a time phase difference between the a or A circuits and the b or B circuits of substantially fifteen (15) electrical degrees.

Fig. 5 shows an enlarged section 44 of the coil shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 5 shows three turns in each of the two circuits or turns per coil. This sectionshows that any two turns in one circuit are separated by a turn in the other electrical circuit. Therefore, if a test volta e is applied between the a circuit and the circuit, this test voltage is applied between every adjacent turn in the coils making-up these circuits and constitutes a test applied to every square inch of turn insulation in these coils. A study of Figure 1 will show that if a test voltage is applied between each of the three phase circuits shown and the three other three phasecircuits, applying the voltage between each circuit in turn and the three other circuits, then every square inch of insulation between adjacent coils, between top and bottom coils in a slot and between turns in each coil has been subject to this test voltage. Now if a testis made between all circuits and ground, an operator can be assured that the machine insulw tion is in safe, operating condition. In addition the top and bottom end windings of the machine are mechanically s aced apart.

In Fig; 7 I(have shown a ragmentary view of the arrangement of the windings for. a transformer similar to T of Fig. 1 suitable for use in connection with the dynamo-electric machine shown in Fig. 2. As shown in this figure there are two separately insulated circuitsa, a, (1, etc. and A. A, A, etc. Each turn in one electrical circuit is separated from the next turn in the same circuit by a turn in the other separately insulated circuit. It is therefore possible to test the coil insulation between turns by applying a test voltage between the two separately insulated circuits and if the machine circuits and transformer circuits are connected in Figure 1 then when the tests are made on the machine circuits as explained above, the turn insulation in the transformer primary is tested at the same time.

Now in a very large machine the number of stator coils will normally be much larger than I have shown, probably eight or nine coils per pole per phase. It is one of the advantages of my invention that the amount of power required to be handled in any circuit is limited and is approximately inversely proportional to the number of separately insulated three phase circuits in the machine, so that while any number of separately insulated circuits may be used in the machine as desired, the purchaser will probably require a number of clrcuits approximately proportional to the number of coils in the machine.

In Fig. 8 I have shown in vector relation nine circuits per phase, each circuit including two coils in series and each and every coil being identical in construction, insulation, size copper. number of turns, etc. The last circuit to the right in each phase i. e. every ninth circuit may be connected to form two separately insulated three phase circuits for supplying power to the machine auxiliaries. There will therefore be two independent and separately insulated sources of power for use aaairioe' of the auxiliaries of each machine. In the winding arrangement a short circuit across the seconda of the machine transformer bank even i close to the transformer terminals will not drag down the machine voltage to nearly zero, by reason of the relatively bered the circuits from 1 to 9 respectively.

The two coils in circuit No. 3 are connected .in series in E. M. F. additive relation with the two coils in circuit No. 5 and the time phase of their generated E. M. F. is the same as the time phase of the E. M. F. generated in the intermediate circuit No. 4, Likewise the two coils in circuit No. 1 are connected in. series with the two coils in circuit No. 7 and the time phase of the E. M. F. enerated in the two circuits so formed is a so the same as the time phase of the E. M. F. enerated in the intermediate circuit No. 4. ow these four circuits may feed transformer coils on one magnetic transformer leg. It is evident that the vector sum of voltages generated in circuits 3 and 5 will be slightly greater than the vector sum of the voltages generated in coils 1 and 7. These voltages may be brought to a common value and feed equal turn primaries by passing the circuits through voltage changing means as fully covered in application or patent Serial No. 254,560 previously mentioned, or a leakage path may be set up between the primaries fed b circuits 3 and 5 and primaries fed by circults 1 and 7 or as fully covered by application Serial No. 196,218, or the number of turns on said primaries may be made proportional to the cosine of the angle by which the E. M. F. in the corresponding generator coils differs in time phase from the mean time phase of the E. M. F. induced in said rimaries. In the same manner the coils in circuits 4 and 6 and the coils in circuits 2 and 8 may be connected in series to form phase windings having generated E. M. F.s in time phase with the E. M. F. generated in coil 5. These last four circuits may feed primaries on another magnetic transformer leg.

Now my drawings are to be taken as merely explanatory of the principle involved and not in a limiting sense. For instance more than two separately insulated circuits per coil may be used if desired, or the auxiliai? power circuit need not be in duplicate. t may consist of single turn coils, all such single turn coils per machine being in series,

series multiple or multiple as desired or vision for auxiliary power may not be made in the machine. Any number of coils r pole per phase may be used and more t on two time phases per machine phase may be used if desired. A three. phase transformer may be used instead of three single phase transformers as explained in ap "lications for patent Serial No. 196,218 an Serial No. 254,560 previously mentioned.

I may wish to so locate my power auxilia circuit so that it may be multipled station power circuits. In this case the machine auxiliary coil or coils per phase group may be the middle coil or coils of the phase group and the remaining coils of the phase group will be connected so that each circuit with E. M. F. lagging in time phase the E. M.-F. generated in the auxiliary coils of that phase will be connected .in series in E. M. F. additive relation with an equal voltage circuit with E. M. F. leading the same amount in time phase the E. M. F. generated in said auxiliary coils. It is also evident that if I wish to use one turn coils-the multiple turn per coil will no longer be necessary but I ma form a number of paths e'nerating E. M. of common time phase y connecting two coils in series in each path, one coil laggin in time phase the time phase of the path and the other coil leading in time phase the time phase of the path, said time phase lead in one case being equal to said time phase la in the other case. N ow it is ver evident iat all circuits generating E. M. of common time hase may be connected in multiple and tests etween turns may be made by disconnecting said windings.

I am fully aware that changes may be made in the general arrangements and combinations of the various devices and parts, as well as in the details of the construction of the said arts, without departing from the scope of t e present invention, as set forth in the foregoing specification and as defined in the clauses of the claims which are appended thereto. Hence, I do not limit my present invention to the exact arrangements and combinations of the various devices and parts as described in the said specification, nor do I confine myself to the exact details of the construction of the said parts, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

- I claim 1. A dynamo-electric machine having a plurality ofseparately insulated polyphase windings, each pOlyphase winding including single phase groups of windings in which each group com rises a plurality of parallel circuits, each oi said parallel circults consisting of coils in series and so disposed as to generate a resultant electromotive force having a time phase common to the associated group, one half of said coils of one llll half leads.

electromotive force which leads the electromotiveforce of theassociated group, and the other half of the coils of the same circuit being adapted to generate an electromotive force which lags the electromotive force of the given group by as much as the said first one half of said coils of one circuit being so disposed as to generate an electromotive force which leads the electromotive force of the associated group, and the other half of the coils of the same circuit being adapted to generate an electromotive force which lags the electromotive force of the given group by as much as the said first half leads, and being further characterized by the fact that adjacent coil sides in the same slot are coil sides of se arate polyphase circuits.

3. a dynamo-electric machine, a plurality of separately insulated polyphase c1rcuits, each circuit com rising a pluralit of phase cups, thecoi s1 es of each. p ase group ing so arranged at the ad acent coil sides in the same slot be ong to di erent polyphase circuits. a

4:. In a dynamo-electric machine, a plurality of separately insulated polyphase circuits, each circuit comprising a pluralit of phase groups, the coil sides of each ase group being so arranged that the adiacent coil sides in every slot belong to difierent polyphase circuits and in certain slots have substantially the same potential.

5. A dynamoelectric machine having a plurality of separately insulated polyphase windings, each polyphase winding including single phase groups comprising a plurality of parallel circuits having serles connected coils, the coils of each parallel circuit being so disposed as to generate an electromotive force having a time phase for the circuit common to that of its associatedcircuit, and each of said circuits comprising a plurality of equal turn coils arranged in relation to each other so that the electromotive force of onehalf of said coils leads the other half thereof.

6. A polyphase winding comprising a plurality of phase groups, each of said phase groups comprising parallel connected circuits, each of said circuits comprising series connected coils so disposed as to generate an electromotive force of a value common to each set of coils in a given group and having a common time phase, the resultant voltage of phase groups difiering from each other in "aasavoo time phase by the time phase difierence of electromotive forces in two adjacent coils.

7. A polyphase winding comprisin a lurality of phase groups, each of said ase groups comprising parallel connecte circuits, each of said circuits comprising series connected coils so disposed as to generate an .electromotive force of a value common to each set of coils in a given group and having a common time phase, the resultant voltage of phase groups differing from each other in time phase by the time phase difference of electromotive forces in two adjacent coils, said coils of each parallel circuit being arranged in relation to each other so that the electromotive force of one-half of said coils of a given parallel circuit differs in value from the mean electromotive force of all coil circuits of a cup by as much as the other half of said coils of another circuit of the said group but of opposite sigln.

8. A dynamo-electric mac ine provided with a plurality of separate polyphase windings, each polyphase winding including phase groups consisting of a plurality of parallel circuits with each circuit including turns in series, a plurality of said windings being formed in coils in such a manner that no two adjacent turns in any coil belong to the same winding, a group of said coils of each phase group bemg connected to constitute wmultiplicity of separately insulated windings of substantially common time phase, each of said coils comprisin parallel circuits so selected and connecte that in certain of said turns ofa'each parallel circuit the generated electromotive force lags the electromotive force of its group b a given value and the electromotive force of the other of said turns of the same circuit leads the electromotive force of the group by the same given value.

9. A dynamo-electric machine provided with a plurality of separate polyphase windings, each polyphase winding includin phase groups consisting of a plurality 0% parallel circuits with each circuit including turns in series, a plurality of said windings being formed in coils in such a manner that no'two adjacent turns in any coil belong to the same windings, a. group of said coils of each phase group being connected-to constitute a multiplicity of separately insulated windings of common time phase, each of said coils comprising parallel circuits so selected and connected that in certain turns of each parallel circuit the generated electromotive orce lags the electromotive force of its oup b a given value and the electromotive orce o the other of said turns of the same circuit leads the electromotive force of the group by the same given value, said machine having a magnetic body having slots in which said coils are laced, and said turns bein so connected an said coils being so pitched in their slots that no two coils in the same slot belong to the same polyphase winding.

10. A dynamo-electric machine having a plurality of separately insulated'three hase windings, each winding comprising a p urality of phase groups consisting of a plurality of series connected turns, each parallel circuit of a given phase of a polar group of said windings being adapted to generate an electromotive force of substantially common value and time phase, the electromotive force of the series turns in each phase group all differing in value, the series turns being so disposed as to form a phase circuit so that the amount by which certain series turns of said parallel circuit differs in magnitude and time phase of its electromotive force from the average of the group is compensated by a like difference in magnitude and time phase of the electromotive on the part of the same number of series turns of another parallel circuit of the same group, the difierences in one circuit being of opposite sign to the difl'erences in the other.

11. A dynamo-electric machine having a plurality of separately insulated three phase windings e'ach comprising single phase winding groups consisting of a plurality of parallel circuits of series connected turns, a phase group of .said windings being ada ted to generate a resultant electromotive orce of a given time phase and each having its series turns s0 connected that certain turns in a given phase group which is adapted to generate an electromotive force lagging in time phase with respect to the time phase of its group is connected in series with certain turns adapted to generate an electromotive force which leads the phase of the group by a difference value equal to the difference between the lagging phase and the group phase.

12. An alternating current dynamo-electric machine provided with separate polyphase windings electrically insulated and connected to insulated loads, each poly hase winding including separate phase winding .groups comprising a plurality of parallel connected circuitsf each of the parallel connected circuits 0 a given group being so disposed as to generate an electromotive force of a common time phase and each con sisting of series connected coils, each of said series connected coils being so disposed as to generate electromotive forces differing in value and to produce a resultant electromotive force the same as that of its phase group.

13. An alternating current dynamo-electric machine provided with separate polyphase windings electrically insulated and connected to insulated loads, each polyphase winding including separate phase winding groups comprising a plurality of parallel connected circuits, each of the parallel connected circuits of a given group bein so disposed as to generate an electromotive FRAZER w. GAY. 

